new plotter

android-app-core/res/values/text_strings.xml

@@ -284,4 +284,8 @@
     <string name="cpp_this_change_may_require_reboot">This change may require reboot</string>
     <string name="cpp_plot_3d">3D</string>
 
+    <string name="cpp_prefs_graph_plot_imag_title">Plot imaginary part of function</string>
+    <string name="cpp_prefs_graph_plot_imag_summary">If checked imaginary part of function will be plotted</string>
+
+
 </resources>

android-app-core/src/main/java/org/solovyev/android/calculator/CalculatorPreferences.java

@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@ public final class CalculatorPreferences {
         public static final Preference<Boolean> interpolate = new BooleanPreference("graph_interpolate", true);
         public static final Preference<GraphLineColor> lineColorReal = StringPreference.newInstance("graph_line_color_real", GraphLineColor.white, GraphLineColor.class);
         public static final Preference<GraphLineColor> lineColorImag = StringPreference.newInstance("graph_line_color_imag", GraphLineColor.blue, GraphLineColor.class);
+        public static final Preference<Boolean> plotImag = new BooleanPreference("graph_plot_imag", false);
     }
 
     public static class History {
@@ -185,6 +186,7 @@ public final class CalculatorPreferences {
         applyDefaultPreference(preferences, Graph.interpolate);
         applyDefaultPreference(preferences, Graph.lineColorImag);
         applyDefaultPreference(preferences, Graph.lineColorReal);
+        applyDefaultPreference(preferences, Graph.plotImag);
         applyDefaultPreference(preferences, History.showIntermediateCalculations);
         applyDefaultPreference(preferences, Calculations.calculateOnFly);
         applyDefaultPreference(preferences, Calculations.preferredAngleUnits);

android-app/res/xml/preferences_plot.xml

@@ -6,10 +6,15 @@
 
         <org.solovyev.android.ads.AdViewPreference a:layout="@layout/admob_pref"/>
 
-        <android.preference.CheckBoxPreference
+        <!--<android.preference.CheckBoxPreference
                 a:key="graph_interpolate"
                 a:title="@string/prefs_graph_interpolate_function"
-                a:summary="@string/prefs_graph_interpolate_function_summary"/>
+                a:summary="@string/prefs_graph_interpolate_function_summary"/>-->
+
+        <android.preference.CheckBoxPreference
+            a:key="graph_plot_imag"
+            a:title="@string/cpp_prefs_graph_plot_imag_title"
+            a:summary="@string/cpp_prefs_graph_plot_imag_summary"/>
 
         <ListPreference a:key="graph_line_color_real"
                         a:title="@string/prefs_graph_real_color_title"

android-app/src/main/java/org/solovyev/android/calculator/plot/CalculatorArityPlotFragment.java

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ public class CalculatorArityPlotFragment extends AbstractCalculatorPlotFragment
 
         final GraphLineColor realLineColor = CalculatorPreferences.Graph.lineColorReal.getPreference(preferences);
         final GraphLineColor imagLineColor = CalculatorPreferences.Graph.lineColorImag.getPreference(preferences);
+        final boolean plotImag = CalculatorPreferences.Graph.plotImag.getPreference(preferences);
 
         // remove old
         final ViewGroup graphContainer = (ViewGroup) root.findViewById(R.id.main_fragment_layout);
@@ -61,8 +62,10 @@ public class CalculatorArityPlotFragment extends AbstractCalculatorPlotFragment
 
             final List<FunctionPlotDef> functions = new ArrayList<FunctionPlotDef>();
 
-            functions.add(FunctionPlotDef.newInstance(new RealArityFunction(arity, expression, xVariable, yVariable), FunctionLineDef.newInstance(realLineColor.getColor(), FunctionLineStyle.solid, 3f)));
+            functions.add(FunctionPlotDef.newInstance(new RealArityFunction(arity, expression, xVariable, yVariable), FunctionLineDef.newInstance(realLineColor.getColor(), FunctionLineStyle.solid, 3f, FunctionLineColorType.color_map)));
-            functions.add(FunctionPlotDef.newInstance(new ImaginaryArityFunction(arity, expression, xVariable, yVariable), FunctionLineDef.newInstance(imagLineColor.getColor(), FunctionLineStyle.solid, 3f)));
+            if (plotImag) {
+                functions.add(FunctionPlotDef.newInstance(new ImaginaryArityFunction(arity, expression, xVariable, yVariable), FunctionLineDef.newInstance(imagLineColor.getColor(), FunctionLineStyle.solid, 3f, FunctionLineColorType.color_map)));
+            }
 
             switch (arity) {
                 case 0:

android-app/src/main/java/org/solovyev/android/calculator/plot/GLText.java

@@ -0,0 +1,390 @@
+// This is a OpenGL ES 1.0 dynamic font rendering system. It loads actual font
+// files, generates a font map (texture) from them, and allows rendering of
+// text strings.
+//
+// NOTE: the rendering portions of this class uses a sprite batcher in order
+// provide decent speed rendering. Also, rendering assumes a BOTTOM-LEFT
+// origin, and the (x,y) positions are relative to that, as well as the
+// bottom-left of the string to render.
+
+package org.solovyev.android.calculator.plot;
+
+import android.content.res.AssetManager;
+import android.graphics.Bitmap;
+import android.graphics.Canvas;
+import android.graphics.Paint;
+import android.graphics.Typeface;
+import android.opengl.GLUtils;
+
+import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;
+
+public class GLText {
+
+   //--Constants--//
+   public final static int CHAR_START = 32;           // First Character (ASCII Code)
+   public final static int CHAR_END = 126;            // Last Character (ASCII Code)
+   public final static int CHAR_CNT = ( ( ( CHAR_END - CHAR_START ) + 1 ) + 1 );  // Character Count (Including Character to use for Unknown)
+
+   public final static int CHAR_NONE = 32;            // Character to Use for Unknown (ASCII Code)
+   public final static int CHAR_UNKNOWN = ( CHAR_CNT - 1 );  // Index of the Unknown Character
+
+   public final static int FONT_SIZE_MIN = 6;         // Minumum Font Size (Pixels)
+   public final static int FONT_SIZE_MAX = 180;       // Maximum Font Size (Pixels)
+
+   public final static int CHAR_BATCH_SIZE = 100;     // Number of Characters to Render Per Batch
+
+   //--Members--//
+   GL10 gl;                                           // GL10 Instance
+   AssetManager assets;                               // Asset Manager
+   SpriteBatch batch;                                 // Batch Renderer
+
+   int fontPadX, fontPadY;                            // Font Padding (Pixels; On Each Side, ie. Doubled on Both X+Y Axis)
+
+   float fontHeight;                                  // Font Height (Actual; Pixels)
+   float fontAscent;                                  // Font Ascent (Above Baseline; Pixels)
+   float fontDescent;                                 // Font Descent (Below Baseline; Pixels)
+
+   int textureId;                                     // Font Texture ID [NOTE: Public for Testing Purposes Only!]
+   int textureSize;                                   // Texture Size for Font (Square) [NOTE: Public for Testing Purposes Only!]
+   TextureRegion textureRgn;                          // Full Texture Region
+
+   float charWidthMax;                                // Character Width (Maximum; Pixels)
+   float charHeight;                                  // Character Height (Maximum; Pixels)
+   final float[] charWidths;                          // Width of Each Character (Actual; Pixels)
+   TextureRegion[] charRgn;                           // Region of Each Character (Texture Coordinates)
+   int cellWidth, cellHeight;                         // Character Cell Width/Height
+   int rowCnt, colCnt;                                // Number of Rows/Columns
+
+   float scaleX, scaleY;                              // Font Scale (X,Y Axis)
+   float spaceX;                                      // Additional (X,Y Axis) Spacing (Unscaled)
+
+
+   //--Constructor--//
+   // D: save GL instance + asset manager, create arrays, and initialize the members
+   // A: gl - OpenGL ES 10 Instance
+   public GLText(GL10 gl, AssetManager assets) {
+      this.gl = gl;                                   // Save the GL10 Instance
+      this.assets = assets;                           // Save the Asset Manager Instance
+
+      batch = new SpriteBatch( gl, CHAR_BATCH_SIZE );  // Create Sprite Batch (with Defined Size)
+
+      charWidths = new float[CHAR_CNT];               // Create the Array of Character Widths
+      charRgn = new TextureRegion[CHAR_CNT];          // Create the Array of Character Regions
+
+      // initialize remaining members
+      fontPadX = 0;
+      fontPadY = 0;
+
+      fontHeight = 0.0f;
+      fontAscent = 0.0f;
+      fontDescent = 0.0f;
+
+      textureId = -1;
+      textureSize = 0;
+
+      charWidthMax = 0;
+      charHeight = 0;
+
+      cellWidth = 0;
+      cellHeight = 0;
+      rowCnt = 0;
+      colCnt = 0;
+
+      scaleX = 1.0f;                                  // Default Scale = 1 (Unscaled)
+      scaleY = 1.0f;                                  // Default Scale = 1 (Unscaled)
+      spaceX = 0.0f;
+   }
+
+   //--Load Font--//
+   // description
+   //    this will load the specified font file, create a texture for the defined
+   //    character range, and setup all required values used to render with it.
+   // arguments:
+   //    file - Filename of the font (.ttf, .otf) to use. In 'Assets' folder.
+   //    size - Requested pixel size of font (height)
+   //    padX, padY - Extra padding per character (X+Y Axis); to prevent overlapping characters.
+   public boolean load(String file, int size, int padX, int padY) {
+
+      // setup requested values
+      fontPadX = padX;                                // Set Requested X Axis Padding
+      fontPadY = padY;                                // Set Requested Y Axis Padding
+
+      // load the font and setup paint instance for drawing
+      Typeface tf = Typeface.createFromAsset( assets, file );  // Create the Typeface from Font File
+      Paint paint = new Paint();                      // Create Android Paint Instance
+      paint.setAntiAlias( true );                     // Enable Anti Alias
+      paint.setTextSize( size );                      // Set Text Size
+      paint.setColor( 0xffffffff );                   // Set ARGB (White, Opaque)
+      paint.setTypeface( tf );                        // Set Typeface
+
+      // get font metrics
+      Paint.FontMetrics fm = paint.getFontMetrics();  // Get Font Metrics
+      fontHeight = (float)Math.ceil( Math.abs( fm.bottom ) + Math.abs( fm.top ) );  // Calculate Font Height
+      fontAscent = (float)Math.ceil( Math.abs( fm.ascent ) );  // Save Font Ascent
+      fontDescent = (float)Math.ceil( Math.abs( fm.descent ) );  // Save Font Descent
+
+      // determine the width of each character (including unknown character)
+      // also determine the maximum character width
+      char[] s = new char[2];                         // Create Character Array
+      charWidthMax = charHeight = 0;                  // Reset Character Width/Height Maximums
+      float[] w = new float[2];                       // Working Width Value
+      int cnt = 0;                                    // Array Counter
+      for ( char c = CHAR_START; c <= CHAR_END; c++ )  {  // FOR Each Character
+         s[0] = c;                                    // Set Character
+         paint.getTextWidths( s, 0, 1, w );           // Get Character Bounds
+         charWidths[cnt] = w[0];                      // Get Width
+         if ( charWidths[cnt] > charWidthMax )        // IF Width Larger Than Max Width
+            charWidthMax = charWidths[cnt];           // Save New Max Width
+         cnt++;                                       // Advance Array Counter
+      }
+      s[0] = CHAR_NONE;                               // Set Unknown Character
+      paint.getTextWidths( s, 0, 1, w );              // Get Character Bounds
+      charWidths[cnt] = w[0];                         // Get Width
+      if ( charWidths[cnt] > charWidthMax )           // IF Width Larger Than Max Width
+         charWidthMax = charWidths[cnt];              // Save New Max Width
+      cnt++;                                          // Advance Array Counter
+
+      // set character height to font height
+      charHeight = fontHeight;                        // Set Character Height
+
+      // find the maximum size, validate, and setup cell sizes
+      cellWidth = (int)charWidthMax + ( 2 * fontPadX );  // Set Cell Width
+      cellHeight = (int)charHeight + ( 2 * fontPadY );  // Set Cell Height
+      int maxSize = cellWidth > cellHeight ? cellWidth : cellHeight;  // Save Max Size (Width/Height)
+      if ( maxSize < FONT_SIZE_MIN || maxSize > FONT_SIZE_MAX )  // IF Maximum Size Outside Valid Bounds
+         return false;                                // Return Error
+
+      // set texture size based on max font size (width or height)
+      // NOTE: these values are fixed, based on the defined characters. when
+      // changing start/end characters (CHAR_START/CHAR_END) this will need adjustment too!
+      if ( maxSize <= 24 )                            // IF Max Size is 18 or Less
+         textureSize = 256;                           // Set 256 Texture Size
+      else if ( maxSize <= 40 )                       // ELSE IF Max Size is 40 or Less
+         textureSize = 512;                           // Set 512 Texture Size
+      else if ( maxSize <= 80 )                       // ELSE IF Max Size is 80 or Less
+         textureSize = 1024;                          // Set 1024 Texture Size
+      else                                            // ELSE IF Max Size is Larger Than 80 (and Less than FONT_SIZE_MAX)
+         textureSize = 2048;                          // Set 2048 Texture Size
+
+      // create an empty bitmap (alpha only)
+      Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap( textureSize, textureSize, Bitmap.Config.ALPHA_8 );  // Create Bitmap
+      Canvas canvas = new Canvas( bitmap );           // Create Canvas for Rendering to Bitmap
+      bitmap.eraseColor( 0x00000000 );                // Set Transparent Background (ARGB)
+
+      // calculate rows/columns
+      // NOTE: while not required for anything, these may be useful to have :)
+      colCnt = textureSize / cellWidth;               // Calculate Number of Columns
+      rowCnt = (int)Math.ceil( (float)CHAR_CNT / (float)colCnt );  // Calculate Number of Rows
+
+      // render each of the characters to the canvas (ie. build the font map)
+      float x = fontPadX;                             // Set Start Position (X)
+      float y = ( cellHeight - 1 ) - fontDescent - fontPadY;  // Set Start Position (Y)
+      for ( char c = CHAR_START; c <= CHAR_END; c++ )  {  // FOR Each Character
+         s[0] = c;                                    // Set Character to Draw
+         canvas.drawText( s, 0, 1, x, y, paint );     // Draw Character
+         x += cellWidth;                              // Move to Next Character
+         if ( ( x + cellWidth - fontPadX ) > textureSize )  {  // IF End of Line Reached
+            x = fontPadX;                             // Set X for New Row
+            y += cellHeight;                          // Move Down a Row
+         }
+      }
+      s[0] = CHAR_NONE;                               // Set Character to Use for NONE
+      canvas.drawText( s, 0, 1, x, y, paint );        // Draw Character
+
+      // generate a new texture
+      int[] textureIds = new int[1];                  // Array to Get Texture Id
+      gl.glGenTextures( 1, textureIds, 0 );           // Generate New Texture
+      textureId = textureIds[0];                      // Save Texture Id
+
+      // setup filters for texture
+      gl.glBindTexture( GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureId );  // Bind Texture
+      gl.glTexParameterf( GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL10.GL_NEAREST );  // Set Minification Filter
+      gl.glTexParameterf( GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL10.GL_LINEAR );  // Set Magnification Filter
+      gl.glTexParameterf( GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL10.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE );  // Set U Wrapping
+      gl.glTexParameterf( GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL10.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE );  // Set V Wrapping
+
+      // load the generated bitmap onto the texture
+      GLUtils.texImage2D( GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, bitmap, 0 );  // Load Bitmap to Texture
+      gl.glBindTexture( GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0 );      // Unbind Texture
+
+      // release the bitmap
+      bitmap.recycle();                               // Release the Bitmap
+
+      // setup the array of character texture regions
+      x = 0;                                          // Initialize X
+      y = 0;                                          // Initialize Y
+      for ( int c = 0; c < CHAR_CNT; c++ )  {         // FOR Each Character (On Texture)
+         charRgn[c] = new TextureRegion( textureSize, textureSize, x, y, cellWidth-1, cellHeight-1 );  // Create Region for Character
+         x += cellWidth;                              // Move to Next Char (Cell)
+         if ( x + cellWidth > textureSize )  {
+            x = 0;                                    // Reset X Position to Start
+            y += cellHeight;                          // Move to Next Row (Cell)
+         }
+      }
+
+      // create full texture region
+      textureRgn = new TextureRegion( textureSize, textureSize, 0, 0, textureSize, textureSize );  // Create Full Texture Region
+
+      // return success
+      return true;                                    // Return Success
+   }
+
+   //--Begin/End Text Drawing--//
+   // D: call these methods before/after (respectively all draw() calls using a text instance
+   //    NOTE: color is set on a per-batch basis, and fonts should be 8-bit alpha only!!!
+   // A: red, green, blue - RGB values for font (default = 1.0)
+   //    alpha - optional alpha value for font (default = 1.0)
+   // R: [none]
+   public void begin()  {
+      begin( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f );                // Begin with White Opaque
+   }
+   public void begin(float alpha)  {
+      begin( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, alpha );               // Begin with White (Explicit Alpha)
+   }
+   public void begin(float red, float green, float blue, float alpha)  {
+      gl.glColor4f( red, green, blue, alpha );        // Set Color+Alpha
+      gl.glBindTexture( GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureId );  // Bind the Texture
+      batch.beginBatch();                             // Begin Batch
+   }
+   public void end()  {
+      batch.endBatch();                               // End Batch
+      gl.glColor4f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f );         // Restore Default Color/Alpha
+   }
+
+   //--Draw Text--//
+   // D: draw text at the specified x,y position
+   // A: text - the string to draw
+   //    x, y - the x,y position to draw text at (bottom left of text; including descent)
+   // R: [none]
+   public void draw(String text, float x, float y)  {
+      float chrHeight = cellHeight * scaleY;          // Calculate Scaled Character Height
+      float chrWidth = cellWidth * scaleX;            // Calculate Scaled Character Width
+      int len = text.length();                        // Get String Length
+      x += ( chrWidth / 2.0f ) - ( fontPadX * scaleX );  // Adjust Start X
+      y += ( chrHeight / 2.0f ) - ( fontPadY * scaleY );  // Adjust Start Y
+      for ( int i = 0; i < len; i++ )  {              // FOR Each Character in String
+         int c = (int)text.charAt( i ) - CHAR_START;  // Calculate Character Index (Offset by First Char in Font)
+         if ( c < 0 || c >= CHAR_CNT )                // IF Character Not In Font
+            c = CHAR_UNKNOWN;                         // Set to Unknown Character Index
+         batch.drawSprite( x, y, chrWidth, chrHeight, charRgn[c] );  // Draw the Character
+         x += ( charWidths[c] + spaceX ) * scaleX;    // Advance X Position by Scaled Character Width
+      }
+   }
+
+   //--Draw Text Centered--//
+   // D: draw text CENTERED at the specified x,y position
+   // A: text - the string to draw
+   //    x, y - the x,y position to draw text at (bottom left of text)
+   // R: the total width of the text that was drawn
+   public float drawC(String text, float x, float y)  {
+      float len = getLength( text );                  // Get Text Length
+      draw( text, x - ( len / 2.0f ), y - ( getCharHeight() / 2.0f ) );  // Draw Text Centered
+      return len;                                     // Return Length
+   }
+   public float drawCX(String text, float x, float y)  {
+      float len = getLength( text );                  // Get Text Length
+      draw( text, x - ( len / 2.0f ), y );            // Draw Text Centered (X-Axis Only)
+      return len;                                     // Return Length
+   }
+   public void drawCY(String text, float x, float y)  {
+      draw( text, x, y - ( getCharHeight() / 2.0f ) );  // Draw Text Centered (Y-Axis Only)
+   }
+
+   //--Set Scale--//
+   // D: set the scaling to use for the font
+   // A: scale - uniform scale for both x and y axis scaling
+   //    sx, sy - separate x and y axis scaling factors
+   // R: [none]
+   public void setScale(float scale)  {
+      scaleX = scaleY = scale;                        // Set Uniform Scale
+   }
+   public void setScale(float sx, float sy)  {
+      scaleX = sx;                                    // Set X Scale
+      scaleY = sy;                                    // Set Y Scale
+   }
+
+   //--Get Scale--//
+   // D: get the current scaling used for the font
+   // A: [none]
+   // R: the x/y scale currently used for scale
+   public float getScaleX()  {
+      return scaleX;                                  // Return X Scale
+   }
+   public float getScaleY()  {
+      return scaleY;                                  // Return Y Scale
+   }
+
+   //--Set Space--//
+   // D: set the spacing (unscaled; ie. pixel size) to use for the font
+   // A: space - space for x axis spacing
+   // R: [none]
+   public void setSpace(float space)  {
+      spaceX = space;                                 // Set Space
+   }
+
+   //--Get Space--//
+   // D: get the current spacing used for the font
+   // A: [none]
+   // R: the x/y space currently used for scale
+   public float getSpace()  {
+      return spaceX;                                  // Return X Space
+   }
+
+   //--Get Length of a String--//
+   // D: return the length of the specified string if rendered using current settings
+   // A: text - the string to get length for
+   // R: the length of the specified string (pixels)
+   public float getLength(String text) {
+      float len = 0.0f;                               // Working Length
+      int strLen = text.length();                     // Get String Length (Characters)
+      for ( int i = 0; i < strLen; i++ )  {           // For Each Character in String (Except Last
+         int c = (int)text.charAt( i ) - CHAR_START;  // Calculate Character Index (Offset by First Char in Font)
+         len += ( charWidths[c] * scaleX );           // Add Scaled Character Width to Total Length
+      }
+      len += ( strLen > 1 ? ( ( strLen - 1 ) * spaceX ) * scaleX : 0 );  // Add Space Length
+      return len;                                     // Return Total Length
+   }
+
+   //--Get Width/Height of Character--//
+   // D: return the scaled width/height of a character, or max character width
+   //    NOTE: since all characters are the same height, no character index is required!
+   //    NOTE: excludes spacing!!
+   // A: chr - the character to get width for
+   // R: the requested character size (scaled)
+   public float getCharWidth(char chr)  {
+      int c = chr - CHAR_START;                       // Calculate Character Index (Offset by First Char in Font)
+      return ( charWidths[c] * scaleX );              // Return Scaled Character Width
+   }
+   public float getCharWidthMax()  {
+      return ( charWidthMax * scaleX );               // Return Scaled Max Character Width
+   }
+   public float getCharHeight() {
+      return ( charHeight * scaleY );                 // Return Scaled Character Height
+   }
+
+   //--Get Font Metrics--//
+   // D: return the specified (scaled) font metric
+   // A: [none]
+   // R: the requested font metric (scaled)
+   public float getAscent()  {
+      return ( fontAscent * scaleY );                 // Return Font Ascent
+   }
+   public float getDescent()  {
+      return ( fontDescent * scaleY );                // Return Font Descent
+   }
+   public float getHeight()  {
+      return ( fontHeight * scaleY );                 // Return Font Height (Actual)
+   }
+
+   //--Draw Font Texture--//
+   // D: draw the entire font texture (NOTE: for testing purposes only)
+   // A: width, height - the width and height of the area to draw to. this is used
+   //    to draw the texture to the top-left corner.
+   public void drawTexture(int width, int height)  {
+      batch.beginBatch( textureId );                  // Begin Batch (Bind Texture)
+      batch.drawSprite( textureSize / 2, height - ( textureSize / 2 ), textureSize, textureSize, textureRgn );  // Draw
+      batch.endBatch();                               // End Batch
+   }
+
+
+}

android-app/src/main/java/org/solovyev/android/calculator/plot/Graph3d.java

@@ -15,31 +15,39 @@ import java.nio.ShortBuffer;
 
 class Graph3d {
 
-    private final int N;
+    // vertices count per polygon (triangle = 3)
+    public static final int VERTICES_COUNT = 3;
+
+    // color components count per color
+    public static final int COLOR_COMPONENTS_COUNT = 4;
+
+    // linear polygons count
+    private final int n;
+
     private final boolean useHighQuality3d;
     private ShortBuffer verticeIdx;
     private FloatBuffer vertexBuf;
     private ByteBuffer colorBuf;
     private int vertexVbo, colorVbo, vertexElementVbo;
     private boolean useVBO;
-    private int nVertex;
+    private int polygonsⁿ;
 
     Graph3d(GL11 gl, boolean useHighQuality3d) {
         this.useHighQuality3d = useHighQuality3d;
-        this.N = useHighQuality3d ? 36 : 24;
+        this.n = useHighQuality3d ? 36 : 24;
 
-        short[] b = new short[N * N];
+        short[] b = new short[n * n];
         int p = 0;
-        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
             short v = 0;
-            for (int j = 0; j < N; v += N + N, j += 2) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < n; v += n + n, j += 2) {
                 b[p++] = (short) (v + i);
-                b[p++] = (short) (v + N + N - 1 - i);
+                b[p++] = (short) (v + n + n - 1 - i);
             }
-            v = (short) (N * (N - 2));
+            v = (short) (n * (n - 2));
             i++;
-            for (int j = N - 1; j >= 0; v -= N + N, j -= 2) {
+            for (int j = n - 1; j >= 0; v -= n + n, j -= 2) {
-                b[p++] = (short) (v + N + N - 1 - i);
+                b[p++] = (short) (v + n + n - 1 - i);
                 b[p++] = (short) (v + i);
             }
         }
@@ -88,147 +96,56 @@ class Graph3d {
         final Function function = fpd.getFunction();
         final FunctionLineDef lineDef = fpd.getLineDef();
         final int NTICK = useHighQuality3d ? 5 : 0;
+
         final float size = 4 * zoom;
-        final float minX = -size, maxX = size, minY = -size, maxY = size;
 
         //Calculator.log("update VBOs " + vertexVbo + ' ' + colorVbo + ' ' + vertexElementVbo);
-        nVertex = N * N + 6 + 8 + NTICK * 6;
+        polygonsⁿ = n * n + 6 + 8 + NTICK * 6;
 
-        final float vertices[] = new float[nVertex * 3];
+        // triangle polygon => 3 vertices per polygon
-        final byte colors[] = new byte[nVertex * 4];
+        final float vertices[] = new float[polygonsⁿ * VERTICES_COUNT];
 
-        if (fpd != null) {
+        float maxAbsZ = fillFunctionPolygonVertices(function, size, vertices);
-            //Calculator.log("Graph3d update");
+        final byte[] colors = prepareFunctionPolygonColors(lineDef, vertices, maxAbsZ);
-            float sizeX = maxX - minX;
-            float sizeY = maxY - minY;
-            float stepX = sizeX / (N - 1);
-            float stepY = sizeY / (N - 1);
-            int pos = 0;
-            double sum = 0;
-            float y = minY;
-            float x = minX - stepX;
-            int nRealPoints = 0;
 
-            final int arity = function.arity();
 
-            for (int i = 0; i < N; i++, y += stepY) {
+        int base = n * n * 3;
-                float xinc = (i & 1) == 0 ? stepX : -stepX;
+        int colorBase = n * n * 4;
-
-                x += xinc;
-                for (int j = 0; j < N; ++j, x += xinc, pos += 3) {
-
-                    final float z;
-                    switch (arity) {
-                        case 2:
-                            z = (float) function.eval(x, y);
-                            break;
-                        case 1:
-                            // todo serso: optimize (can be calculated once before loop)
-                            z = (float) function.eval(x);
-                            break;
-                        case 0:
-                            // todo serso: optimize (can be calculated once)
-                            z = (float) function.eval();
-                            break;
-                        default:
-                            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
-                    }
-
-                    vertices[pos] = x;
-                    vertices[pos + 1] = y;
-                    vertices[pos + 2] = z;
-
-                    if (!Float.isNaN(z)) {
-                        sum += z * z;
-                        ++nRealPoints;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            float maxAbs = (float) Math.sqrt(sum / nRealPoints);
-            maxAbs *= .9f;
-            maxAbs = Math.min(maxAbs, 15);
-            maxAbs = Math.max(maxAbs, .001f);
-
-            final int lineColor = lineDef.getLineColor();
-            final int limitColor = N * N * 4;
-            for (int i = 0, j = 2; i < limitColor; i += 4, j += 3) {
-                final float z = vertices[j];
-
-                    if (!Float.isNaN(z)) {
-                        if (lineDef.getLineColorType() == FunctionLineColorType.color_map) {
-                            final float a = z / maxAbs;
-                            final float abs = a < 0 ? -a : a;
-                            colors[i] = floatToByte(a);
-                            colors[i + 1] = floatToByte(1 - abs * .3f);
-                            colors[i + 2] = floatToByte(-a);
-                        } else {
-                            colors[i] = (byte) Color.red(lineColor);
-                            colors[i + 1] = (byte) Color.green(lineColor);
-                            colors[i + 2] = (byte) Color.blue(lineColor);
-                        }
-                        colors[i + 3] = (byte) 255;
-                    } else {
-                        vertices[j] = 0;
-                        colors[i] = 0;
-                        colors[i + 1] = 0;
-                        colors[i + 2] = 0;
-                        colors[i + 3] = 0;
-                    }
-
-            }
-        }
-        int base = N * N * 3;
-        int colorBase = N * N * 4;
-        int p = base;
         final int baseSize = 2;
-        for (int i = -baseSize; i <= baseSize; i += 2 * baseSize) {
+
-            vertices[p] = i;
+        fillBasePolygonVectors(vertices, colors, base, colorBase, baseSize);
-            vertices[p + 1] = -baseSize;
+
-            vertices[p + 2] = 0;
-            p += 3;
-            vertices[p] = i;
-            vertices[p + 1] = baseSize;
-            vertices[p + 2] = 0;
-            p += 3;
-            vertices[p] = -baseSize;
-            vertices[p + 1] = i;
-            vertices[p + 2] = 0;
-            p += 3;
-            vertices[p] = baseSize;
-            vertices[p + 1] = i;
-            vertices[p + 2] = 0;
-            p += 3;
-        }
-        for (int i = colorBase; i < colorBase + 8 * 4; i += 4) {
-            colors[i] = 0;
-            colors[i + 1] = 0;
-            colors[i + 2] = (byte) 255;
-            colors[i + 3] = (byte) 255;
-        }
         base += 8 * 3;
         colorBase += 8 * 4;
 
-        final float unit = 2;
+        fillAxisPolygonVectors(vertices, colors, base, colorBase);
-        final float axis[] = {
+
-                0, 0, 0,
-                unit, 0, 0,
-                0, 0, 0,
-                0, unit, 0,
-                0, 0, 0,
-                0, 0, unit,
-        };
-        System.arraycopy(axis, 0, vertices, base, 6 * 3);
-        for (int i = colorBase; i < colorBase + 6 * 4; i += 4) {
-            colors[i] = (byte) 255;
-            colors[i + 1] = (byte) 255;
-            colors[i + 2] = (byte) 255;
-            colors[i + 3] = (byte) 255;
-        }
         base += 6 * 3;
         colorBase += 6 * 4;
 
-        p = base;
+        fillAxisGridPolygonVectors(NTICK, vertices, colors, base, colorBase);
+
+        vertexBuf = buildBuffer(vertices);
+        colorBuf = buildBuffer(colors);
+
+        if (useVBO) {
+            gl.glBindBuffer(GL11.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexVbo);
+            gl.glBufferData(GL11.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexBuf.capacity() * 4, vertexBuf, GL11.GL_STATIC_DRAW);
+            vertexBuf = null;
+
+            gl.glBindBuffer(GL11.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colorVbo);
+            gl.glBufferData(GL11.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colorBuf.capacity(), colorBuf, GL11.GL_STATIC_DRAW);
+            gl.glBindBuffer(GL11.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+            colorBuf = null;
+
+            gl.glBindBuffer(GL11.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexElementVbo);
+            gl.glBufferData(GL11.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, verticeIdx.capacity() * 2, verticeIdx, GL11.GL_STATIC_DRAW);
+            gl.glBindBuffer(GL11.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void fillAxisGridPolygonVectors(int NTICK, float[] vertices, byte[] colors, int base, int colorBase) {
+        int p = base;
         final float tick = .03f;
         final float offset = .01f;
         for (int i = 1; i <= NTICK; ++i) {
@@ -263,24 +180,141 @@ class Graph3d {
         for (int i = colorBase + NTICK * 6 * 4 - 1; i >= colorBase; --i) {
             colors[i] = (byte) 255;
         }
-
-        vertexBuf = buildBuffer(vertices);
-        colorBuf = buildBuffer(colors);
-
-        if (useVBO) {
-            gl.glBindBuffer(GL11.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexVbo);
-            gl.glBufferData(GL11.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexBuf.capacity() * 4, vertexBuf, GL11.GL_STATIC_DRAW);
-            vertexBuf = null;
-
-            gl.glBindBuffer(GL11.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colorVbo);
-            gl.glBufferData(GL11.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colorBuf.capacity(), colorBuf, GL11.GL_STATIC_DRAW);
-            gl.glBindBuffer(GL11.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
-            colorBuf = null;
-
-            gl.glBindBuffer(GL11.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexElementVbo);
-            gl.glBufferData(GL11.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, verticeIdx.capacity() * 2, verticeIdx, GL11.GL_STATIC_DRAW);
-            gl.glBindBuffer(GL11.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
     }
+
+    private void fillAxisPolygonVectors(float[] vertices, byte[] colors, int base, int colorBase) {
+        final float unit = 2;
+        final float axis[] = {
+                0, 0, 0,
+                unit, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0,
+                0, unit, 0,
+                0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, unit,
+        };
+        System.arraycopy(axis, 0, vertices, base, 6 * 3);
+        for (int i = colorBase; i < colorBase + 6 * 4; i += 4) {
+            colors[i] = (byte) 255;
+            colors[i + 1] = (byte) 255;
+            colors[i + 2] = (byte) 255;
+            colors[i + 3] = (byte) 255;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void fillBasePolygonVectors(float[] vertices, byte[] colors, int base, int colorBase, int baseSize) {
+        int p = base;
+        for (int i = -baseSize; i <= baseSize; i += 2 * baseSize) {
+            vertices[p] = i;
+            vertices[p + 1] = -baseSize;
+            vertices[p + 2] = 0;
+            p += 3;
+            vertices[p] = i;
+            vertices[p + 1] = baseSize;
+            vertices[p + 2] = 0;
+            p += 3;
+            vertices[p] = -baseSize;
+            vertices[p + 1] = i;
+            vertices[p + 2] = 0;
+            p += 3;
+            vertices[p] = baseSize;
+            vertices[p + 1] = i;
+            vertices[p + 2] = 0;
+            p += 3;
+        }
+
+        for (int i = colorBase; i < colorBase + 8 * 4; i += 4) {
+            colors[i] = (byte) 255;
+            colors[i + 1] = (byte) 255;
+            colors[i + 2] = (byte) 255;
+            colors[i + 3] = (byte) 255;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private float fillFunctionPolygonVertices(Function function, float size, float[] vertices) {
+        final int arity = function.arity();
+
+        final float minX = -size;
+        final float maxX = size;
+        final float minY = -size;
+        final float maxY = size;
+
+        float Δx = (maxX - minX) / (n - 1);
+        float Δy = (maxY - minY) / (n - 1);
+
+        float y = minY;
+        float x = minX - Δx;
+
+        float maxAbsZ = 0;
+
+        float z = 0;
+        if (arity == 0) {
+            z = (float) function.eval();
+        }
+
+        int k = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++, y += Δy) {
+            float xinc = (i & 1) == 0 ? Δx : -Δx;
+
+            x += xinc;
+
+            if (arity == 1) {
+                z = (float) function.eval(y);
+            }
+
+            for (int j = 0; j < n; j++, x += xinc, k += VERTICES_COUNT) {
+
+                if (arity == 2) {
+                    z = (float) function.eval(y, x);
+                }
+
+                vertices[k] = x;
+                vertices[k + 1] = y;
+                vertices[k + 2] = z;
+
+                if (!Float.isNaN(z)) {
+                    final float absZ = Math.abs(z);
+                    if (absZ > maxAbsZ) {
+                        maxAbsZ = absZ;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    vertices[k + 2] = 0;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return maxAbsZ;
+    }
+
+    private byte[] prepareFunctionPolygonColors(FunctionLineDef lineDef, float[] vertices, float maxAbsZ) {
+        // 4 color components per polygon (color[i] = red, color[i+1] = green, color[i+2] = blue, color[i+3] = alpha )
+        final byte colors[] = new byte[polygonsⁿ * COLOR_COMPONENTS_COUNT];
+
+        final int lineColor = lineDef.getLineColor();
+        final int colorComponentsCount = n * n * COLOR_COMPONENTS_COUNT;
+        for (int i = 0, j = VERTICES_COUNT - 1; i < colorComponentsCount; i += COLOR_COMPONENTS_COUNT, j += VERTICES_COUNT) {
+            final float z = vertices[j];
+
+            if (!Float.isNaN(z)) {
+                if (lineDef.getLineColorType() == FunctionLineColorType.color_map) {
+                    final float color = z / maxAbsZ;
+                    final float abs = Math.abs(color);
+                    colors[i] = floatToByte(color);
+                    colors[i + 1] = floatToByte(1 - abs * .3f);
+                    colors[i + 2] = floatToByte(-color);
+                } else {
+                    colors[i] = (byte) Color.red(lineColor);
+                    colors[i + 1] = (byte) Color.green(lineColor);
+                    colors[i + 2] = (byte) Color.blue(lineColor);
+                }
+                colors[i + 3] = (byte) 255;
+            } else {
+                colors[i] = 0;
+                colors[i + 1] = 0;
+                colors[i + 2] = 0;
+                colors[i + 3] = 0;
+            }
+        }
+        return colors;
     }
 
     private byte floatToByte(float v) {
@@ -307,16 +341,16 @@ class Graph3d {
             // gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_LINE_STRIP, 0, N*N);
 
             gl.glBindBuffer(GL11.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexElementVbo);
-            gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_LINE_STRIP, N * N, GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0);
+            gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_LINE_STRIP, n * n, GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0);
             gl.glBindBuffer(GL11.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
         } else {
             gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, vertexBuf);
             gl.glColorPointer(4, GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0, colorBuf);
-            gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_LINE_STRIP, N * N, GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, verticeIdx);
+            gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_LINE_STRIP, n * n, GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, verticeIdx);
         }
-        final int N2 = N * N;
+        final int N2 = n * n;
         gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_LINE_STRIP, 0, N2);
-        gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_LINES, N2, nVertex - N2);
+        gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_LINES, N2, polygonsⁿ - N2);
     }
 
     public boolean isUseHighQuality3d() {

android-app/src/main/java/org/solovyev/android/calculator/plot/Graph3dView.java

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import android.util.AttributeSet;
 import android.view.MotionEvent;
 import android.widget.ZoomButtonsController;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+import org.solovyev.android.calculator.App;
 
 import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;
 import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL11;
@@ -27,6 +28,9 @@ public class Graph3dView extends GLView implements GraphView {
     private float zoomLevel = 1, targetZoom, zoomStep = 0, currentZoom;
     private FPS fps = new FPS();
 
+    @NotNull
+    private GLText glText;
+
     @NotNull
     private List<Graph3d> graphs = new ArrayList<Graph3d>();
 
@@ -204,6 +208,9 @@ public class Graph3dView extends GLView implements GraphView {
         gl.glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
         initFrustum(gl, DISTANCE * zoomLevel);
         currentZoom = zoomLevel;
+
+        glText = new GLText( gl, App.getInstance().getApplication().getAssets() );
+        glText.load("Roboto-Regular.ttf", 32, 2, 2);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -229,6 +236,7 @@ public class Graph3dView extends GLView implements GraphView {
         gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
         gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW);
         gl.glLoadIdentity();
+
         gl.glTranslatef(0, 0, -DISTANCE * zoomLevel);
 
         Matrix.setIdentityM(matrix2, 0);
@@ -253,6 +261,24 @@ public class Graph3dView extends GLView implements GraphView {
         for (Graph3d graph : graphs) {
             graph.draw(gl);
         }
+
+        //updateText(gl, glText);
+
+    }
+
+    public void drawText(@NotNull GLText glText) {
+        glText.begin(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
+        glText.draw( "Test!", 0, 0 );
+        glText.end();
+    }
+
+    private void updateText(@NotNull GL11 gl, @NotNull GLText glText) {
+        gl.glEnable( GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D );
+        gl.glEnable( GL10.GL_BLEND );
+        gl.glBlendFunc( GL10.GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL10.GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA );
+        drawText(glText);
+        gl.glDisable( GL10.GL_BLEND );
+        gl.glDisable( GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D );
     }
 
     private void ensureGraphsSize(@NotNull GL11 gl) {

android-app/src/main/java/org/solovyev/android/calculator/plot/SpriteBatch.java

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+package org.solovyev.android.calculator.plot;
+
+import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;
+
+public class SpriteBatch {
+
+   //--Constants--//
+   final static int VERTEX_SIZE = 4;                  // Vertex Size (in Components) ie. (X,Y,U,V)
+   final static int VERTICES_PER_SPRITE = 4;          // Vertices Per Sprite
+   final static int INDICES_PER_SPRITE = 6;           // Indices Per Sprite
+
+   //--Members--//
+   GL10 gl;                                           // GL Instance
+   Vertices vertices;                                 // Vertices Instance Used for Rendering
+   float[] vertexBuffer;                              // Vertex Buffer
+   int bufferIndex;                                   // Vertex Buffer Start Index
+   int maxSprites;                                    // Maximum Sprites Allowed in Buffer
+   int numSprites;                                    // Number of Sprites Currently in Buffer
+
+   //--Constructor--//
+   // D: prepare the sprite batcher for specified maximum number of sprites
+   // A: gl - the gl instance to use for rendering
+   //    maxSprites - the maximum allowed sprites per batch
+   public SpriteBatch(GL10 gl, int maxSprites)  {
+      this.gl = gl;                                   // Save GL Instance
+      this.vertexBuffer = new float[maxSprites * VERTICES_PER_SPRITE * VERTEX_SIZE];  // Create Vertex Buffer
+      this.vertices = new Vertices( gl, maxSprites * VERTICES_PER_SPRITE, maxSprites * INDICES_PER_SPRITE, false, true, false );  // Create Rendering Vertices
+      this.bufferIndex = 0;                           // Reset Buffer Index
+      this.maxSprites = maxSprites;                   // Save Maximum Sprites
+      this.numSprites = 0;                            // Clear Sprite Counter
+
+      short[] indices = new short[maxSprites * INDICES_PER_SPRITE];  // Create Temp Index Buffer
+      int len = indices.length;                       // Get Index Buffer Length
+      short j = 0;                                    // Counter
+      for ( int i = 0; i < len; i+= INDICES_PER_SPRITE, j += VERTICES_PER_SPRITE )  {  // FOR Each Index Set (Per Sprite)
+         indices[i + 0] = (short)( j + 0 );           // Calculate Index 0
+         indices[i + 1] = (short)( j + 1 );           // Calculate Index 1
+         indices[i + 2] = (short)( j + 2 );           // Calculate Index 2
+         indices[i + 3] = (short)( j + 2 );           // Calculate Index 3
+         indices[i + 4] = (short)( j + 3 );           // Calculate Index 4
+         indices[i + 5] = (short)( j + 0 );           // Calculate Index 5
+      }
+      vertices.setIndices( indices, 0, len );         // Set Index Buffer for Rendering
+   }
+
+   //--Begin Batch--//
+   // D: signal the start of a batch. set the texture and clear buffer
+   //    NOTE: the overloaded (non-texture) version assumes that the texture is already bound!
+   // A: textureId - the ID of the texture to use for the batch
+   // R: [none]
+   public void beginBatch(int textureId)  {
+      gl.glBindTexture( GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureId );  // Bind the Texture
+      numSprites = 0;                                 // Empty Sprite Counter
+      bufferIndex = 0;                                // Reset Buffer Index (Empty)
+   }
+   public void beginBatch()  {
+      numSprites = 0;                                 // Empty Sprite Counter
+      bufferIndex = 0;                                // Reset Buffer Index (Empty)
+   }
+
+   //--End Batch--//
+   // D: signal the end of a batch. render the batched sprites
+   // A: [none]
+   // R: [none]
+   public void endBatch()  {
+      if ( numSprites > 0 )  {                        // IF Any Sprites to Render
+         vertices.setVertices( vertexBuffer, 0, bufferIndex );  // Set Vertices from Buffer
+         vertices.bind();                             // Bind Vertices
+         vertices.draw( GL10.GL_TRIANGLES, 0, numSprites * INDICES_PER_SPRITE );  // Render Batched Sprites
+         vertices.unbind();                           // Unbind Vertices
+      }
+   }
+
+   //--Draw Sprite to Batch--//
+   // D: batch specified sprite to batch. adds vertices for sprite to vertex buffer
+   //    NOTE: MUST be called after beginBatch(), and before endBatch()!
+   //    NOTE: if the batch overflows, this will render the current batch, restart it,
+   //          and then batch this sprite.
+   // A: x, y - the x,y position of the sprite (center)
+   //    width, height - the width and height of the sprite
+   //    region - the texture region to use for sprite
+   // R: [none]
+   public void drawSprite(float x, float y, float width, float height, TextureRegion region)  {
+      if ( numSprites == maxSprites )  {              // IF Sprite Buffer is Full
+         endBatch();                                  // End Batch
+         // NOTE: leave current texture bound!!
+         numSprites = 0;                              // Empty Sprite Counter
+         bufferIndex = 0;                             // Reset Buffer Index (Empty)
+      }
+
+      float halfWidth = width / 2.0f;                 // Calculate Half Width
+      float halfHeight = height / 2.0f;               // Calculate Half Height
+      float x1 = x - halfWidth;                       // Calculate Left X
+      float y1 = y - halfHeight;                      // Calculate Bottom Y
+      float x2 = x + halfWidth;                       // Calculate Right X
+      float y2 = y + halfHeight;                      // Calculate Top Y
+
+      vertexBuffer[bufferIndex++] = x1;               // Add X for Vertex 0
+      vertexBuffer[bufferIndex++] = y1;               // Add Y for Vertex 0
+      vertexBuffer[bufferIndex++] = region.u1;        // Add U for Vertex 0
+      vertexBuffer[bufferIndex++] = region.v2;        // Add V for Vertex 0
+
+      vertexBuffer[bufferIndex++] = x2;               // Add X for Vertex 1
+      vertexBuffer[bufferIndex++] = y1;               // Add Y for Vertex 1
+      vertexBuffer[bufferIndex++] = region.u2;        // Add U for Vertex 1
+      vertexBuffer[bufferIndex++] = region.v2;        // Add V for Vertex 1
+
+      vertexBuffer[bufferIndex++] = x2;               // Add X for Vertex 2
+      vertexBuffer[bufferIndex++] = y2;               // Add Y for Vertex 2
+      vertexBuffer[bufferIndex++] = region.u2;        // Add U for Vertex 2
+      vertexBuffer[bufferIndex++] = region.v1;        // Add V for Vertex 2
+
+      vertexBuffer[bufferIndex++] = x1;               // Add X for Vertex 3
+      vertexBuffer[bufferIndex++] = y2;               // Add Y for Vertex 3
+      vertexBuffer[bufferIndex++] = region.u1;        // Add U for Vertex 3
+      vertexBuffer[bufferIndex++] = region.v1;        // Add V for Vertex 3
+
+      numSprites++;                                   // Increment Sprite Count
+   }
+}

android-app/src/main/java/org/solovyev/android/calculator/plot/TexampleRenderer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+// This is based on the OpenGL ES 1.0 sample application from the Android Developer website:
+// http://developer.android.com/resources/tutorials/opengl/opengl-es10.html
+
+package org.solovyev.android.calculator.plot;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView;
+
+import javax.microedition.khronos.egl.EGLConfig;
+import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;
+
+public class TexampleRenderer implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer  {
+
+   private GLText glText;                             // A GLText Instance
+   private Context context;                           // Context (from Activity)
+
+   private int width = 100;                           // Updated to the Current Width + Height in onSurfaceChanged()
+   private int height = 100;
+
+   public TexampleRenderer(Context context)  {
+      super();
+      this.context = context;                         // Save Specified Context
+   }
+
+   public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) {
+      // Set the background frame color
+      gl.glClearColor( 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f );
+
+      // Create the GLText
+      glText = new GLText( gl, context.getAssets() );
+
+      // Load the font from file (set size + padding), creates the texture
+      // NOTE: after a successful call to this the font is ready for rendering!
+      glText.load( "Roboto-Regular.ttf", 14, 2, 2 );  // Create Font (Height: 14 Pixels / X+Y Padding 2 Pixels)
+   }
+
+   public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {
+      // Redraw background color
+      gl.glClear( GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT );
+
+      // Set to ModelView mode
+      gl.glMatrixMode( GL10.GL_MODELVIEW );           // Activate Model View Matrix
+      gl.glLoadIdentity();                            // Load Identity Matrix
+
+      // enable texture + alpha blending
+      // NOTE: this is required for text rendering! we could incorporate it into
+      // the GLText class, but then it would be called multiple times (which impacts performance).
+      gl.glEnable( GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D );              // Enable Texture Mapping
+      gl.glEnable( GL10.GL_BLEND );                   // Enable Alpha Blend
+      gl.glBlendFunc( GL10.GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL10.GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA );  // Set Alpha Blend Function
+
+      // TEST: render the entire font texture
+      gl.glColor4f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f );         // Set Color to Use
+      glText.drawTexture( width, height );            // Draw the Entire Texture
+
+      // TEST: render some strings with the font
+      glText.begin( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f );         // Begin Text Rendering (Set Color WHITE)
+      glText.draw( "Test String :)", 0, 0 );          // Draw Test String
+      glText.draw( "Line 1", 50, 50 );                // Draw Test String
+      glText.draw( "Line 2", 100, 100 );              // Draw Test String
+      glText.end();                                   // End Text Rendering
+
+      glText.begin( 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f );         // Begin Text Rendering (Set Color BLUE)
+      glText.draw( "More Lines...", 50, 150 );        // Draw Test String
+      glText.draw( "The End.", 50, 150 + glText.getCharHeight() );  // Draw Test String
+      glText.end();                                   // End Text Rendering
+
+      // disable texture + alpha
+      gl.glDisable( GL10.GL_BLEND );                  // Disable Alpha Blend
+      gl.glDisable( GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D );             // Disable Texture Mapping
+   }
+
+   public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) {
+      gl.glViewport( 0, 0, width, height );
+
+      // Setup orthographic projection
+      gl.glMatrixMode( GL10.GL_PROJECTION );          // Activate Projection Matrix
+      gl.glLoadIdentity();                            // Load Identity Matrix
+      gl.glOrthof(                                    // Set Ortho Projection (Left,Right,Bottom,Top,Front,Back)
+         0, width,
+         0, height,
+         1.0f, -1.0f
+      );
+
+      // Save width and height
+      this.width = width;                             // Save Current Width
+      this.height = height;                           // Save Current Height
+   }
+}

android-app/src/main/java/org/solovyev/android/calculator/plot/TextureRegion.java

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package org.solovyev.android.calculator.plot;
+
+class TextureRegion {
+
+   //--Members--//
+   public float u1, v1;                               // Top/Left U,V Coordinates
+   public float u2, v2;                               // Bottom/Right U,V Coordinates
+
+   //--Constructor--//
+   // D: calculate U,V coordinates from specified texture coordinates
+   // A: texWidth, texHeight - the width and height of the texture the region is for
+   //    x, y - the top/left (x,y) of the region on the texture (in pixels)
+   //    width, height - the width and height of the region on the texture (in pixels)
+   public TextureRegion(float texWidth, float texHeight, float x, float y, float width, float height)  {
+      this.u1 = x / texWidth;                         // Calculate U1
+      this.v1 = y / texHeight;                        // Calculate V1
+      this.u2 = this.u1 + ( width / texWidth );       // Calculate U2
+      this.v2 = this.v1 + ( height / texHeight );     // Calculate V2
+   }
+}

android-app/src/main/java/org/solovyev/android/calculator/plot/Vertices.java

@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+package org.solovyev.android.calculator.plot;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.nio.IntBuffer;
+import java.nio.ShortBuffer;
+
+import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;
+
+public class Vertices {
+
+   //--Constants--//
+   final static int POSITION_CNT_2D = 2;              // Number of Components in Vertex Position for 2D
+   final static int POSITION_CNT_3D = 3;              // Number of Components in Vertex Position for 3D
+   final static int COLOR_CNT = 4;                    // Number of Components in Vertex Color
+   final static int TEXCOORD_CNT = 2;                 // Number of Components in Vertex Texture Coords
+   final static int NORMAL_CNT = 3;                   // Number of Components in Vertex Normal
+
+   final static int INDEX_SIZE = Short.SIZE / 8;      // Index Byte Size (Short.SIZE = bits)
+
+   //--Members--//
+   // NOTE: all members are constant, and initialized in constructor!
+   final GL10 gl;                                     // GL Instance
+   final boolean hasColor;                            // Use Color in Vertices
+   final boolean hasTexCoords;                        // Use Texture Coords in Vertices
+   final boolean hasNormals;                          // Use Normals in Vertices
+   public final int positionCnt;                      // Number of Position Components (2=2D, 3=3D)
+   public final int vertexStride;                     // Vertex Stride (Element Size of a Single Vertex)
+   public final int vertexSize;                       // Bytesize of a Single Vertex
+   final IntBuffer vertices;                          // Vertex Buffer
+   final ShortBuffer indices;                         // Index Buffer
+   public int numVertices;                            // Number of Vertices in Buffer
+   public int numIndices;                             // Number of Indices in Buffer
+   final int[] tmpBuffer;                             // Temp Buffer for Vertex Conversion
+
+   //--Constructor--//
+   // D: create the vertices/indices as specified (for 2d/3d)
+   // A: gl - the gl instance to use
+   //    maxVertices - maximum vertices allowed in buffer
+   //    maxIndices - maximum indices allowed in buffer
+   //    hasColor - use color values in vertices
+   //    hasTexCoords - use texture coordinates in vertices
+   //    hasNormals - use normals in vertices
+   //    use3D - (false, default) use 2d positions (ie. x/y only)
+   //            (true) use 3d positions (ie. x/y/z)
+   public Vertices(GL10 gl, int maxVertices, int maxIndices, boolean hasColor, boolean hasTexCoords, boolean hasNormals)  {
+      this( gl, maxVertices, maxIndices, hasColor, hasTexCoords, hasNormals, false );  // Call Overloaded Constructor
+   }
+   public Vertices(GL10 gl, int maxVertices, int maxIndices, boolean hasColor, boolean hasTexCoords, boolean hasNormals, boolean use3D)  {
+      this.gl = gl;                                   // Save GL Instance
+      this.hasColor = hasColor;                       // Save Color Flag
+      this.hasTexCoords = hasTexCoords;               // Save Texture Coords Flag
+      this.hasNormals = hasNormals;                   // Save Normals Flag
+      this.positionCnt = use3D ? POSITION_CNT_3D : POSITION_CNT_2D;  // Set Position Component Count
+      this.vertexStride = this.positionCnt + ( hasColor ? COLOR_CNT : 0 ) + ( hasTexCoords ? TEXCOORD_CNT : 0 ) + ( hasNormals ? NORMAL_CNT : 0 );  // Calculate Vertex Stride
+      this.vertexSize = this.vertexStride * 4;        // Calculate Vertex Byte Size
+
+      ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect( maxVertices * vertexSize );  // Allocate Buffer for Vertices (Max)
+      buffer.order( ByteOrder.nativeOrder() );        // Set Native Byte Order
+      this.vertices = buffer.asIntBuffer();           // Save Vertex Buffer
+
+      if ( maxIndices > 0 )  {                        // IF Indices Required
+         buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect( maxIndices * INDEX_SIZE );  // Allocate Buffer for Indices (MAX)
+         buffer.order( ByteOrder.nativeOrder() );     // Set Native Byte Order
+         this.indices = buffer.asShortBuffer();       // Save Index Buffer
+      }
+      else                                            // ELSE Indices Not Required
+         indices = null;                              // No Index Buffer
+
+      numVertices = 0;                                // Zero Vertices in Buffer
+      numIndices = 0;                                 // Zero Indices in Buffer
+
+      this.tmpBuffer = new int[maxVertices * vertexSize / 4];  // Create Temp Buffer
+   }
+
+   //--Set Vertices--//
+   // D: set the specified vertices in the vertex buffer
+   //    NOTE: optimized to use integer buffer!
+   // A: vertices - array of vertices (floats) to set
+   //    offset - offset to first vertex in array
+   //    length - number of floats in the vertex array (total)
+   //             for easy setting use: vtx_cnt * (this.vertexSize / 4)
+   // R: [none]
+   public void setVertices(float[] vertices, int offset, int length)  {
+      this.vertices.clear();                          // Remove Existing Vertices
+      int last = offset + length;                     // Calculate Last Element
+      for ( int i = offset, j = 0; i < last; i++, j++ )  // FOR Each Specified Vertex
+         tmpBuffer[j] = Float.floatToRawIntBits( vertices[i] );  // Set Vertex as Raw Integer Bits in Buffer
+      this.vertices.put( tmpBuffer, 0, length );      // Set New Vertices
+      this.vertices.flip();                           // Flip Vertex Buffer
+      this.numVertices = length / this.vertexStride;  // Save Number of Vertices
+      //this.numVertices = length / ( this.vertexSize / 4 );  // Save Number of Vertices
+   }
+
+   //--Set Indices--//
+   // D: set the specified indices in the index buffer
+   // A: indices - array of indices (shorts) to set
+   //    offset - offset to first index in array
+   //    length - number of indices in array (from offset)
+   // R: [none]
+   public void setIndices(short[] indices, int offset, int length)  {
+      this.indices.clear();                           // Clear Existing Indices
+      this.indices.put( indices, offset, length );    // Set New Indices
+      this.indices.flip();                            // Flip Index Buffer
+      this.numIndices = length;                       // Save Number of Indices
+   }
+
+   //--Bind--//
+   // D: perform all required binding/state changes before rendering batches.
+   //    USAGE: call once before calling draw() multiple times for this buffer.
+   // A: [none]
+   // R: [none]
+   public void bind()  {
+      gl.glEnableClientState( GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY ); // Enable Position in Vertices
+      vertices.position( 0 );                         // Set Vertex Buffer to Position
+      gl.glVertexPointer( positionCnt, GL10.GL_FLOAT, vertexSize, vertices );  // Set Vertex Pointer
+
+      if ( hasColor )  {                              // IF Vertices Have Color
+         gl.glEnableClientState( GL10.GL_COLOR_ARRAY );  // Enable Color in Vertices
+         vertices.position( positionCnt );            // Set Vertex Buffer to Color
+         gl.glColorPointer( COLOR_CNT, GL10.GL_FLOAT, vertexSize, vertices );  // Set Color Pointer
+      }
+
+      if ( hasTexCoords )  {                          // IF Vertices Have Texture Coords
+         gl.glEnableClientState( GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY );  // Enable Texture Coords in Vertices
+         vertices.position( positionCnt + ( hasColor ? COLOR_CNT : 0 ) );  // Set Vertex Buffer to Texture Coords (NOTE: position based on whether color is also specified)
+         gl.glTexCoordPointer( TEXCOORD_CNT, GL10.GL_FLOAT, vertexSize, vertices );  // Set Texture Coords Pointer
+      }
+
+      if ( hasNormals )  {
+         gl.glEnableClientState( GL10.GL_NORMAL_ARRAY );  // Enable Normals in Vertices
+         vertices.position( positionCnt + ( hasColor ? COLOR_CNT : 0 ) + ( hasTexCoords ? TEXCOORD_CNT : 0 ) );  // Set Vertex Buffer to Normals (NOTE: position based on whether color/texcoords is also specified)
+         gl.glNormalPointer( GL10.GL_FLOAT, vertexSize, vertices );  // Set Normals Pointer
+      }
+   }
+
+   //--Draw--//
+   // D: draw the currently bound vertices in the vertex/index buffers
+   //    USAGE: can only be called after calling bind() for this buffer.
+   // A: primitiveType - the type of primitive to draw
+   //    offset - the offset in the vertex/index buffer to start at
+   //    numVertices - the number of vertices (indices) to draw
+   // R: [none]
+   public void draw(int primitiveType, int offset, int numVertices)  {
+      if ( indices != null )  {                       // IF Indices Exist
+         indices.position( offset );                  // Set Index Buffer to Specified Offset
+         gl.glDrawElements( primitiveType, numVertices, GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, indices );  // Draw Indexed
+      }
+      else  {                                         // ELSE No Indices Exist
+         gl.glDrawArrays( primitiveType, offset, numVertices );  // Draw Direct (Array)
+      }
+   }
+
+   //--Unbind--//
+   // D: clear binding states when done rendering batches.
+   //    USAGE: call once before calling draw() multiple times for this buffer.
+   // A: [none]
+   // R: [none]
+   public void unbind()  {
+      if ( hasColor )                                 // IF Vertices Have Color
+         gl.glDisableClientState( GL10.GL_COLOR_ARRAY );  // Clear Color State
+
+      if ( hasTexCoords )                             // IF Vertices Have Texture Coords
+         gl.glDisableClientState( GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY );  // Clear Texture Coords State
+
+      if ( hasNormals )                               // IF Vertices Have Normals
+         gl.glDisableClientState( GL10.GL_NORMAL_ARRAY );  // Clear Normals State
+   }
+
+   //--Draw Full--//
+   // D: draw the vertices in the vertex/index buffers
+   //    NOTE: unoptimized version! use bind()/draw()/unbind() for batches
+   // A: primitiveType - the type of primitive to draw
+   //    offset - the offset in the vertex/index buffer to start at
+   //    numVertices - the number of vertices (indices) to draw
+   // R: [none]
+   public void drawFull(int primitiveType, int offset, int numVertices)  {
+      gl.glEnableClientState( GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY ); // Enable Position in Vertices
+      vertices.position( 0 );                         // Set Vertex Buffer to Position
+      gl.glVertexPointer( positionCnt, GL10.GL_FLOAT, vertexSize, vertices );  // Set Vertex Pointer
+
+      if ( hasColor )  {                              // IF Vertices Have Color
+         gl.glEnableClientState( GL10.GL_COLOR_ARRAY );  // Enable Color in Vertices
+         vertices.position( positionCnt );            // Set Vertex Buffer to Color
+         gl.glColorPointer( COLOR_CNT, GL10.GL_FLOAT, vertexSize, vertices );  // Set Color Pointer
+      }
+
+      if ( hasTexCoords )  {                          // IF Vertices Have Texture Coords
+         gl.glEnableClientState( GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY );  // Enable Texture Coords in Vertices
+         vertices.position( positionCnt + ( hasColor ? COLOR_CNT : 0 ) );  // Set Vertex Buffer to Texture Coords (NOTE: position based on whether color is also specified)
+         gl.glTexCoordPointer( TEXCOORD_CNT, GL10.GL_FLOAT, vertexSize, vertices );  // Set Texture Coords Pointer
+      }
+
+      if ( indices != null )  {                       // IF Indices Exist
+         indices.position( offset );                  // Set Index Buffer to Specified Offset
+         gl.glDrawElements( primitiveType, numVertices, GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, indices );  // Draw Indexed
+      }
+      else  {                                         // ELSE No Indices Exist
+         gl.glDrawArrays( primitiveType, offset, numVertices );  // Draw Direct (Array)
+      }
+
+      if ( hasTexCoords )                             // IF Vertices Have Texture Coords
+         gl.glDisableClientState( GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY );  // Clear Texture Coords State
+
+      if ( hasColor )                                 // IF Vertices Have Color
+         gl.glDisableClientState( GL10.GL_COLOR_ARRAY );  // Clear Color State
+   }
+
+   //--Set Vertex Elements--//
+   // D: use these methods to alter the values (position, color, textcoords, normals) for vertices
+   //    WARNING: these do NOT validate any values, ensure that the index AND specified
+   //             elements EXIST before using!!
+   // A: x, y, z - the x,y,z position to set in buffer
+   //    r, g, b, a - the r,g,b,a color to set in buffer
+   //    u, v - the u,v texture coords to set in buffer
+   //    nx, ny, nz - the x,y,z normal to set in buffer
+   // R: [none]
+   void setVtxPosition(int vtxIdx, float x, float y)  {
+      int index = vtxIdx * vertexStride;              // Calculate Actual Index
+      vertices.put( index + 0, Float.floatToRawIntBits( x ) );  // Set X
+      vertices.put( index + 1, Float.floatToRawIntBits( y ) );  // Set Y
+   }
+   void setVtxPosition(int vtxIdx, float x, float y, float z)  {
+      int index = vtxIdx * vertexStride;              // Calculate Actual Index
+      vertices.put( index + 0, Float.floatToRawIntBits( x ) );  // Set X
+      vertices.put( index + 1, Float.floatToRawIntBits( y ) );  // Set Y
+      vertices.put( index + 2, Float.floatToRawIntBits( z ) );  // Set Z
+   }
+   void setVtxColor(int vtxIdx, float r, float g, float b, float a)  {
+      int index = ( vtxIdx * vertexStride ) + positionCnt;  // Calculate Actual Index
+      vertices.put( index + 0, Float.floatToRawIntBits( r ) );  // Set Red
+      vertices.put( index + 1, Float.floatToRawIntBits( g ) );  // Set Green
+      vertices.put( index + 2, Float.floatToRawIntBits( b ) );  // Set Blue
+      vertices.put( index + 3, Float.floatToRawIntBits( a ) );  // Set Alpha
+   }
+   void setVtxColor(int vtxIdx, float r, float g, float b)  {
+      int index = ( vtxIdx * vertexStride ) + positionCnt;  // Calculate Actual Index
+      vertices.put( index + 0, Float.floatToRawIntBits( r ) );  // Set Red
+      vertices.put( index + 1, Float.floatToRawIntBits( g ) );  // Set Green
+      vertices.put( index + 2, Float.floatToRawIntBits( b ) );  // Set Blue
+   }
+   void setVtxColor(int vtxIdx, float a)  {
+      int index = ( vtxIdx * vertexStride ) + positionCnt;  // Calculate Actual Index
+      vertices.put( index + 3, Float.floatToRawIntBits( a ) );  // Set Alpha
+   }
+   void setVtxTexCoords(int vtxIdx, float u, float v)  {
+      int index = ( vtxIdx * vertexStride ) + positionCnt + ( hasColor ? COLOR_CNT : 0 );  // Calculate Actual Index
+      vertices.put( index + 0, Float.floatToRawIntBits( u ) );  // Set U
+      vertices.put( index + 1, Float.floatToRawIntBits( v ) );  // Set V
+   }
+   void setVtxNormal(int vtxIdx, float x, float y, float z)  {
+      int index = ( vtxIdx * vertexStride ) + positionCnt + ( hasColor ? COLOR_CNT : 0 ) + ( hasTexCoords ? TEXCOORD_CNT : 0 );  // Calculate Actual Index
+      vertices.put( index + 0, Float.floatToRawIntBits( x ) );  // Set X
+      vertices.put( index + 1, Float.floatToRawIntBits( y ) );  // Set Y
+      vertices.put( index + 2, Float.floatToRawIntBits( z ) );  // Set Z
+   }
+}